Piston-valve



- C. J. MELLIN.

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

PISTON VALVE.

(No Model.)

Patented July 8, 1890.

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(No Model.) 4 Sheets-.Sheet 3. C. J. MELLIN.

PISTON VALVE. No. 431,818. Patented July 8, 1890.

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4 snetssheet 4.- C. J. MELLIN.

PISTON VALVE.

(No Model.)

Patented July 8, 1890.

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CARL J. MELLIN, OF RICHMOND, VIRGINIA.

PISTON-VALVE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters I,Patent No. 431,818, dated July 8, 1890.

Application filed January 23, 1890.2 Serial No. 337,887. (No model.)

.To all whom, t may concern.- i

Be it known that I, CARL J. MELLIN, a citizen of Sweden, and a resident of Richmond, in the county of Henrico and State of Virginia, have invented new and useful Improvements in Piston-Valves, of lwhich the following is a specification.

My invention consists ofY a contrivance of double ports both for the live steam and exhaust in a piston-valve to facilitate quick action. Y

It also consists of pass-ports contrived to bring instant communication between both ends of the cylinder just as compression commences on one side and directly before the beginning of exhauston the other side of the piston to vuse the steam that has performed its workr on one side to fill the clearance and cushion on the other. Said pass-ports also act as inlet or steam ports, and, together with the aforesaid double live-steam ports, make it atriple-port steam-valve, as hereinafter fully described, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a longitudinal sectional elevation through a piston, valve-cylinder, and

engine ports, illustrating my invention of.

double steam and exhaust ports. The section is taken on line 3 3, Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 2 is a diagram of the surface of one section of the valve of Fig. 1 expanded in a plane. Fig. 3 is a plan of the steam end of the valve. Fig. 4 is a plan of the exhaust end. Fig. 5 is a transverse section of the valve on line 1 1, Fig. 1; and Fig. 6 is a section of the same on line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 7 `is a longitudinal section of the double-ported steam and exhaust valve, also provided with the over pass-ports for filling the clearance and giving the cushion on one side by the steam that has done its work on the other side, said section being half on I K and half on K L, Figs. 8 and 9. Fig. S is a half-section on A B and a half-sc cf tion on C D, Fig. 7; and Fig. 9 is a half-section on G H and a half-section on EF, Fig. 7. Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section of the valve, showing the pass-ports arrangedfor triple steam-ports only.

There are two ports a and b to the steamway of each end of the engine-cylinder, both extending around the valve-cylinder d, surrounding the valve e, and also being in communication through passage c in the valvecylinder.

The valve is a piston of two sections located apart from each other along the rod, to which both sections are coupled a suitable distance to provide requisite space for the exhaustway between them. It receives the live steam on the outer ends, and the steam exhausts between the adjacent ends of the two sections. Besides admitting steam directly from the ends into ports ct, the valve has cored live-steam .passages f in each section from the steam end communicating with the auxiliary steam-port g through the side of the valve and opening to cylinderLports b, where the steam end of the valve opens to cylinderports a, and besides exhausting from ports b, at the inner or exhaust ends, the valve also has cored exhaust-passages h from said ends communicating with the auxiliary exhaust-ports through the side, whichopen to cylinderports a, where the exhaustends of the valve open cylinder-ports b to the exhaust-passagej. These live and exhaust steam passages f and 7i cross or overlap each other in the valve suitably to admit the live steam from the steam end of the valve to the steam-ports b through valve-port g, past the exhaust-port 1l of the valve, and to allow the exhaust-steam to escape from port a through valve-port t' past the steam-ports g, and out at the exhaust end of the exhaust-passage j. Both end sections are constructed alike and together distribute the steam for both ends of the enginecylinder. In Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, I have represented three of these overlapping passages for live and exhaust steam, each in both sections ofthe valve, but may of course have more or less, as desired. In Figs. 7 to 9, inclusive, I have represented four of each, besides the pass-ports described farther on.

It will be understood that the live steam may be received at the middle space and the exhaust delivered from the outer ends of the valve as well, if desired, the operation being the sam e, the only diiference being the proper change in the angular position of the eccentric, although in such case it will be better to reverse the conditions of the ports a b and g 't' as to their areas.. I also propose to proa IOO vide what I will call over-pass or simply pass-ports, Which. may be single, but are also double as I have arranged them herein, and Iclass them as outer and inner pass-ports, as above stated, for lling the clearance and cushioning the piston on one side by the steam that has done its work on the other side. l represents the inner and m the outer pass-ports. They all communicate With the central passage 7c in the valve and bring instant communication between both ends of the engine-cylinder just as compression commenccs on one side and directly before Athe beginning of exhaust on the other side. For the purpose of these ports the valve is necessarily made with inside or exhaust lap, which the arrangement is such that at the moment Whenthe inlet takes place neither the outer nor inner Apass-ports on the opening side are quite covered, so that for-a short time they act as live-steam inlets also, and thus it is a triple-port inlet-valve as well, which with double exhaust and double pass ports makesit feasible to reduce the diameter and stroke considerably as compared with ordinary piston-valves. It is in most cases desirable to have "the period of communication with both ends of the cylinder through these Ypass-ports short as possible, but at the same time as effective as possible, which, it will be-seen, is greatly facilitated by the arrangement oi'fv double pass-ports, especially as the actualA openingV only amounts practically to half the length of said ports, for as they are opening on one side they are closing-on the other-the exhaustA side-where the exhaust opensv the moment the Apass-port vis closed.

`It is to be noted that I have arranged the side ports and the pass-ports to extend entirely around the valve, sothat the length of the opening lines is correspondingly increased and the size and length of stroke of the valve are reduced to the minimum, and with this I have also constructed the lateral openings of the passage into the respective ports in the haring shape merging in said circumferentiall ports, so as to render the whole of the circumferential lines of the ports available for eecti've work. I mayutilize these pass-ports for the triple steam-port only by arranging them, as I 'have represented in Fig. l0, so far out in the lap that no communication takes 5 place between the ends ofthe cylinder.

In Figs. 7 and 10 the inner ends of the casing of passage la are fitted with a ring fy to confine them securely.

z in Figs. 1 and 3 represents eyelets for hooking into for lifting out the valve.

I claim as my invention-- l. The combination, with the valve-casing having double ports to each end of the cylinder, of the piston-valve having the middle space and inner and outer ports through the side between the middle space and each ends, with longitudinal passages from the ends to the inner side ports, and other longitudinal passages from the middle space to the outer ports and intermediate to and crossing or overlapping the passages from the outer ends to the inner side ports, and thus forming a double-ported steam and exhaust valve.

2. The combination, with the valve-casing having double ports to each end of the cylinder, of the piston-valve having the middle" fspace and inner and outer portsthrough the iside and extending around the valve between said middle space and each end, with'lon-gitudinal passages from the endsto the inner ,side ports, and other longitudinal passages from the middle space to the outer sideports and intermediate to and crossing or overlap- `ping the passages from the outer ends lto the linside ports, said longitudinal passages vhav- Q ing the flaring lateral openings from between jthe overlapping passages` into the said circumferentialports, substantially as described.'

3. The combination, with the valve-casing having double ports to each end. of the cylinder, of the piston-valve having thel middle space and inner and outer side ports and the pass-ports through the side between said midg dle space and each end, with longitudinal past sages from the ends to the inner side ports,

and other longitudinal passages from themidl dle space to the outer side ports, and the cenq tral longitudinal space connecting the pass- ?ports, the said passagesof the inner and outer side ports being intermediate to and crossing or overlapping each other, and the 4. The combination, with the valve-casing inder, of the piston-valve having the middle space and inner and outer sideiports andthe ,pass-ports through the side and extend-ing i around the valve between said middle space I and each end,with longitudinal passagesl from l the ends to the inner side ports, and other-loni gitudinal passages from the middle spaceto `the outer side ports, and the central longitudinal space connecting the'pass-ports, the j said passages of the inner and outer side ports lbeing intermediate to and crossingor overlapping each other, andthe central passage Ihaving lateral openings into the pass-ports intermediate to the longitudinal passages from the ends et' the valves to the inner side ports, and all of said passages havingthe flaring lateral openings into the said circumferential ports, substantially as described.

IOO

IIO

5. The combina-tion, with the valve-casing having double ports to each end of the cylinder, of the piston-valve having the middle space and inner and outer side ports and inner and outer pass-ports through the side between said middle space and each end with longitudinal passages from the ends to the inner side ports, and other longitudinal passages from the middle space to the outer side ports, andthe central longitudinal space connecting the pass-ports, the said passages of the inner and out-er side ports being intermediate to and crossing or overlapping each other, and the central passage having lateral openings to the outer pass-ports intermediate to the longitudinal passages from the ends of the valve to the inner side ports, and lateral openings to the inner pass-ports behind said passages from the ends to the inner side ports and between the passages from the middle space to the outer side ports.

6. The combination, with the valve-casing having double ports to each end of the cylinder, of the piston-valve having the middle space and inner and outer side ports, and the pass-ports through the side between said middle space and each end, with longitudinal passages from the ends to the inner side ports, and other longitudinal passages from the middle space to the outer side ports, and the central longitudinal space connecting the passports, and thus being a triple steam and double exhaust valve, substantially as described. v A

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed my mame, in presence of two Witnesses, this 31st day of December, 1889.

CARL J. MELLIN. Witnesses:

W. B. EARLL, W. J.MORGAN. 

